UTF-8 can represent any Unicode character, so it is a safe assumption for most use cases. Most programming languages and APIs use UTF-8 as the default charset for URL decoding. ![]() It does this replacement for all escape sequences in the URL until the entire string is decoded. It will then replace the %20 sequence with a space. So for example, when URLDecoder sees %20, it knows that 20 in hexadecimal equals 32 in decimal, which corresponds to a space character in ASCII. It then converts this number to its corresponding ASCII/UTF-8 character. When it encounters an escape sequence like %20, it will look at the hexadecimal number(s) following the % symbol. URLDecoder works by scanning the URL string character by character. URLDecoder is a tool, either online or through code APIs, that can take an encoded URL and 'unescape' it by replacing all escape sequences and converting them back to the original characters. However, encoded URLs are unreadable to humans. This allows us to represent any character in a URL, while still being standards compliant. For example, a space is encoded as %20, an apostrophe as %27, and an é as %C3%A9. URL encoding replaces these characters with a % symbol followed by two hexadecimal numbers. ![]() This includes spaces, apostrophes, ampersands, and non-ASCII characters. URLs can only contain a limited range of letters, numbers, and symbols, so we need to 'escape' or encode characters outside this set. ![]() URL encoding, also known as percent encoding, is a mechanism to represent characters in a URL that are outside the allowed set of characters.
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